Nitric Acid Production Plants

The process involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia followed by the absorption of nitrogen oxides in water. Here are the main steps:

Ammonia Oxidation
Ammonia is mixed with air and passed over a platinum-rhodium catalyst at high temperatures (about 850-900°C).
The reaction produces nitric oxide (NO) and water: 4NH3+5O2→4NO+6H2O (ΔH=−1170 kJ/mol)
Oxidation of Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide reacts with oxygen in the gas phase to form nitrogen dioxide (NO₂): 2NO+O2→2NO2
Absorption of Nitrogen Dioxide
The NO₂ gas is absorbed in water, forming nitric acid (HNO₃): 3NO2+H2O→2HNO3+NO3
Tail Gas Treatment (Optional)
For environmental reasons, tail gases containing unreacted NO and NO₂ may undergo further treatment to reduce emissions, such as catalytic reduction or other denitrification processes.

Energy Efficiency:
The process integrates heat recovery systems, such as waste heat boilers, to capture and utilize energy released during the exothermic reactions.
High Conversion Rates:
Advanced catalyst designs and process optimization ensure high ammonia conversion and efficient nitric acid production.
Environmental Compliance:
Processes are designed to meet stringent environmental regulations, particularly regarding nitrogen oxides emissions.
Flexibility:
The process can accommodate variations in feedstock and operating conditions.

Nitric acid is a critical intermediate in:

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Nitric Acid Plants